ʻO ka pale Rubber me ka paakiki kiʻekiʻe kahi huahana pepa me kahi mānoanoa a me kahi nui, i hana ʻia i ke kāpili e like me nā mea nui (hiki ke loaʻa i ka lole, ka mea hao a me nā mea i hoʻoikaika ʻia) a me ka vulcanized.

No laila he aha nā pono o ka pale tapala i ke ola?

E hāʻawi ʻoe iā ʻoe i kahi hoʻolauna pōkole.

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana kūkulu a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ka nohona o nā kānaka, hōʻike nā huahana kāpili i kona ikaika ikaika.

No ka laʻana, i ka papa hana kūkulu, hoʻohana ka nui o nā hale o kēia manawa i ka cast precast slabs, e like me ke kau ʻana i nā panila i ka papahele, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka leo a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola o ka papahele i ka manawa like.

Hiki nō i ka papa kōkō ke hana i nā ʻano kīʻaha hoʻonaninani kīkī pālua, hiki ke hoʻopau pono i nā pilikia o ka leakage o ka ea a me nā wai leakage.

Me ka hoʻomohala a me ka loli o ka hana a me ke koi o ke ola, hiki ke hana ʻia i ka pale lahilahi me nā kala like ʻole e like me ka ʻeleʻele, hina, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, polū a pēlā aku, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā pono o nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me ke ola.

I ka ʻoihana ʻenehana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pale waika i ka anti-corrosion, pale-pale, pale paʻa a me nā mea pono.

I ka ʻoihana mining, ʻo ka pale kele ka mea nui i ka pale ʻia, pale paʻa i ka pale o kāna lako a me nā lako pipeline e pili ana, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka ola o nā lawelawe i nā mea hana.

Ma ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻonaʻauao maʻamau, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia no ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hana plate.

Me ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana, sheet sheet, a me ke ʻano he synthetic hou o ka ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana, ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a he ʻano pā nui ia, e like me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā ʻoihana. ʻOihana keʻena a me nā ʻoihana kūkulu. He kuleana kūikawā kēia mea.

I ko mākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopili me nā komo lima, nā mākaʻi, ka pahu a me ka puka aniani, e waiho ana i nā papa hana a me nā papahele, a pēlā aku.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka hoʻomau e hoʻomohala nei i ka ʻenehana, ʻo ka hoʻohana a me ka hana o ka pale keleawe ka nui a me ka laha o ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka papa kila.